Bari mu fara bayani da kalmar Have. Daga baya sai mu yi bayanin kalmar Just. Kalmar Have, ɗaya ce daga cikin kalmomin da ake kira auxiliary verb a turancin Ingilishi. Sauran auxiliary verb ɗin sune to do da to be. Auxiliary verb, wasu verb ne da a karan-kansu ba sa nuna yin wani aiki ko ɗaukar ma’anar yin wani aiki. Auxiliary verb kan zo ne tare da wani verb domin bayar da haske game da wannan verb ɗin da su ka zo.
Ana amfani da Have a mabambantan gurare kamar haka:
Na farko, a matsayin auxiliary verb. Ana amfani da HAVE tare da BEEN da kuma PRESENT PARTICIPLE (wato verb ɗin da ya ƙare da ing) domin nuna wani aiki da aka farosa tun wani lokaci can baya, amma har yanzu ba a kammala ba.
Misali:
We have been reading on internet since December.
Mu na ta karatu a internet tun watan Disamba.
Kun ga a nan mun fara karatun tun watan Disamba, kuma har yanzu ba mu daina karatun ba.
He has been dancing since morning.
Ya na ta yin rawa tun da safe.
Kun ga a nan ya fara yin rawar tun safe, amma har yanzu bai gama rawar ba.
They have been studying at this college since 2021.
Su na karatu a kwalejin nan tun shekarar 2021.
You have been visiting this blog for long time.
Ku na ta ziyartar shafin nan lokaci mai tsawo.
Aliyu has been playing the accordion since evening.
Aliyu na ta kaɗa fiyano tun da maraice.
Sannan ana amfani da HAVE tare da JUST da kuma PAST PARTICIPLE domin nuna wani aiki da aka kammala yanzu. Wato aikin da aka gama ba da jimawa sosai ba.
Misali:
We have just eaten our dinner.
Yanzun nan mu ka cinye abincinmu na dare.
She has just waken up.
Yanzun nan ta farka daga bacci.
He has just started the work.
yanzun nan ya fara aikin.
You have just told me the story.
Yanzun na ka ban labarin.
We have just returned from work.
Yanzun mu ka dawo daga aiki.
Gaba ɗaya waɗannan misalai na nuna cewa duk ayyukan an kammala su yanzun nan ba da jimawa sosai ba.
Na biyu kuma ana amfani da HAVE a ma’anarsa ta asali. Wato domin nuna mallaka. Idan za ka nuna cewa wani abu mallakinka ne ko abokinka ko kuma mallakin wani ne da ba ya kusa. Sai ka rubuta sunansa ka sa Have (ko has) sai sunan abun da ya mallaka.
Misali:
We have a petite green house.
Mu na da ɗan ƙarami koren gida.
She has two Android phones and an iPhone.
Ta na da wayoyin andiroyid guda biyu da iPhone guda ɗaya.
He has two sister and three brothers.
Ya na ‘yan uwa mata guda biyu da kuma maza uku.
They have black bicycles.
Su na da baƙaƙen kekenuna.
I have an old scooter.
Ina da tsohuwar sukuta.
A misalai dake sama kalmar Have ta nuna mallaka, wanda shine asalin ma’anar kalmar.
Na uku kuma, ana amfani da HAVE domin maye gurbin wasu ayyukan motsa jiki. HAVE na aiki a matsayin cin tuwo ko shan abun sha. Wato kalmar HAVE ta kan maye gurbin EAT ko DRINK.
Misali:
We have rice and beans every day.
Mu kan ci shinkafa da wake kowace rana.
She has the pasta before leaving.
Ta kan ci taliya kafin ta fita.
They had two cups of coffee at the restaurant.
Sun sha kofin gahawa biyu a shagon abincin.
He has four bottles of water every day.
Ya kan sha kwalbar ruwa huɗu kowace rana.
I would like to have coffee, and tea for.
Ina son shan gahawa, kai kuma shayi.
A misalai dake sama mun yi amfani da have mun maye gurbin drink da eat. Sannan akan yi amfani da kalmar HAVE domin nuna ciwo. Wato ana amfani da HAVE domin nuna cewa wata gaɓa ko wani ɓangare na ciwo a jikin mutum.
Misali:
We have headache.
Kainmu na ciwa.
He has toothache.
Haƙorinsa na ciwo.
They have stomachache.
Cikinsu na yi musu ciwo.
I have legache.
Ƙafata na ciwo.
She has backache.
Ta na ciwon baya.
Kalmar HAVE kan maye gurbin to BATHE kaman yadda ta maye gurbin to EAT da to DRINK a bayanai da suka gabata. Bathe na nufin yin wanka a cikin robar wanka. A nan akan yi amfani da HAVE ko TAKE domin nuna yin wanka.
Misali:
I don’t bathe in the bath.
Ba na yin wanka a robar wanka.
Idan mu ka sa HAVE ko TAKE, ga yadda jimlar za ta koma.
I don’t have bath in the bath.
I don’t take bath in the bath.
Ba na yin wanka a robar wanka ba.
I have shower before going to bed.
I take shower before going to bed.
Na kan yi wanka kafin na kwanta.
He has shower at 7am every day.
He takes shower at 7am every day.
Ya kan yi wanka da karfe 7 na safe kowace rana.
ƘARIN BAYANI
Have bath da have shower turancin Birtaniya ne. Take bath da take shower kuma turancin Amurka ne.
Sai kuma bayanin yadda ake aiki da kalmar JUST
Kalmar just ɗaya ce daga cikin kalmomin da ake kira Adverb (wato bayyanau). Adverb kalmomi ne da ake amfani da su domin su yi ƙarin haske game da yadda aka yi wani aiki, halin da aka yi wani aiki ko yadda wani aiki ya auku. Adverb kan nuna yaushe a ka yi wani aiki, ta yaya aka yi wani aiki, sau nawa aikin ke maimaituwa da kuma halin da aka yi wani aiki da dai sauran su.
Misali:
Na yi magana a fusace.
A nan kalmar a fusace ita ke nuna yanayina a lokacin da na yi magana.
Sun yi aikin a wahalce.
Kalmar a wahalce ita ke nuna halin da su ka yi aikin.
Ta je makaranta da sauri.
Kalmar da sauri ita ke nuna halin da ta je makaranta.
Kalmomin a fusace, a wahalce da kuma da sauri dake cikin waɗannan jimlolin su ne ke yin bayani yanayi ko halin da aka yi ayyukan. Saboda haka su ne Adverb.
Kalmar JUST itama Adverb ce kamar waɗancan kalmomin – sai dai yadda ake aiki da ita ya bambanta.
Na farko domin nuna aikin da a kammala yanzun nan ba jimawa.
Na biyu kuma JUST na nuna aikin da aka yi haka kawai.
Bari mu fara da na farkon. Wato aikin da aka kammala yanzu ba jimawa. Wannan bayaninsa ya gabata a sama. A na saka JUST a tsakanin AUXILIARY VERB (amma have) da MAIN VERB. Wato a na saka JUST a bayan HAVE ko HAS, sai kuma main verb ɗin dole ne ya kasance a past participle.
Misali:
You have just written the letter.
Yanzun nan ka gama rubuta wasiƙar.
He has just eaten.
Yanzun nan ya gama cin abinci.
She has just left for school.
Yanzun nan ta tafi makaranta.
They have just returned from work.
Yanzun nan su ka dawo daga aiki.
We have just arrived.
Yanzun nan mu ka iso.
Na biyu kuma a na aiki da JUST domin nuna cewa wani aikin da aka yi shi haka nan.
Misali:
We just want to visit Kano.
Haka nan nake son zuwa Kano.
She just doesn’t go to work.
Haka nan ba ta zuwa aiki.
I just want to sleep.
Haka nan nake son yin bacci.
We just want to sell the house.
Mu dai haka nan mu ke son siyar da gidan.
Haka nan ma a na amfani da JUST a gurare dadama kaman a misalan dake tafe.
Misali:
He is just a little boy.
Shi yaro ne ƙarami.
I am just a new teacher.
Ni sabon malami ne.
It is just an old red car.
Jar mota ce tsohuwa.
Wannan shi ne bayanin yadda ake aiki da kalmar Just da kuma Have a taƙaice.
