Me ake nufi da present perfect tense?

Menene present perfect tense? — Present perfect tense in Hausa

LEARN TENSES: PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Present Perfect Tense: Ana amfani da shi ne domin gabatar da aikin da ya faru yanzu-yanzu, kokuma aikin da ya faru yau kokuma aikin da ya faru a ƴan kwanakinnnan (kwanannan). Amma shi wannan aiki da ya faru ya zamto cewa yanada alaƙa da yanzu kokuma ya zamto cewa ya riga ya faru, amma kuma akwai sakamakon faruwar wannan aikin a yanzu.

Sharuɗan Present Perfect Tense:
Ya zamto cewa yanzu-yanzu wannan aikin ya faru. Kokuma:
Ya zamto cewa wannan aikin ya faru amma kuma akwai sakamakon wannan aikin a yanzu, misali (I have eaten food = Na ci abinci.) Anan na riga na ci abinci, amma kuma akwai sakamakon cin abinci da nake tare dashi shine (Ƙoshi; a ƙoshe nake donhaka bana jin yunwa yanzu)

Ba’ayin amfani da lokuta kamar (yesterday, last hour/week/year, five minutes/hours/days/weeks/months/years ago)

Amma ana iya yin amfani da (Now = yanzu), (today = yau), (right/just now = Yanzu-yanzu) da kuma (recently = kwanannan)

Yadda ake haɗa PRESENT PERFECT TENSE POSITIVE:

Da farko zaka saka SUBJECT, sannan se ka saka HAVE/HAS, sannan sai ka saka PAST PARTICIPLE (= Ɓangaren jerin kalmomin REGULAR/IRREGULAR na ƙarshe). Domin sanin waɗannan PAST PARTICIPLES, ka tafi kaitsaye karatun da muka yi na baya a cikin wannan shafin

SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE.

I HAVE SEEN HIM.
HE HAS EATEN FOOD.
I HAVE

WE HAVE

YOU HAVE

THEY HAVE

HE HAS

SHE HAS

IT HAS

Misali:

1. I have told you. = Na faɗa maka. (= wannan yana nufin yanzu na faɗa maka)

2. We have eaten food. = Munci abinci. (= wannan yana nufin yanzu bama jin yunwa: sakamakon cin abincin da mukai (ƙooshi))

3. They have come. Sun zo. (= wannan yana nufin sunzo kuma har yanzu suna nan basu tafi ba).

4. You have gone to market. Ka/ki/kun tafi kasuwa. (= wannan yana nufin haryanzu ka/ki/kuna can kasuwa baka/ki/ku dawoba).

5. Ali and Ja’afar have forgotten your name. Ali da Ja’afar sun manta sunan ka. (= wannan yana nufin sun manta sunan ka kuma har yanzu basu tuno ba).

6. He has died = Ya mutu. (= wannan yana nufin ya mutu yanzu-yanzu kokuma kwanannan ya mutu).

7. She has cut her finger. Ta yanke ɗanyatsan ta. (= wannan yana nufin ta yanke ɗanyatsan ta kuma haryanzu ciwon yana mata zafi sannan bai warke ba).

8. It has broken. (a chair) = Ta karye. (kamar kujera kenan) (= Wannan yana nufin kujerar ta karye, haryanzu a karye take sannan ba’a gyara ta ba).

9. Ali has drunk water. = Ali ya sha ruwa. (= wannan yana nufin ali yasha ruwa donhaka yanzu baya jin ishirwa).P

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE POSITIVE QUESTION:

Ana canza HAVE/HAS su koma farko sannan sai SUBJECT se kuma verb (amma fa lallai sedai ai amfani da PAST PARTICIPLE: broken, seen, told, kept, taken, eaten etc.

Karka manta da alamar tambaya a ƙarshen jimlar ka (?)

Have you seen him? Shin/Ka ganshi kuwa? (Anan ana tambaya ne cewa ka ganshi kuwa yanzu?)

Has he done the work? Shin/Yayi aikin (kuwa)? (anan ana tambaya ne cewa Shin ya yi aikin kuwa yanzu, kokuma (yau))

(HAVE)
I have seen her. = Have I seen her?
We have eaten food. = Have we eaten food?
You have told me. = Have you told me?
They have come now. = Have they come now?
Ali and Ja’afar played. = Have Ali and Ja’afar played?

(HAS)
He has gone. = Has he gone?
She has spoken to us. = Has she spoken to us?
It has died. = Has it died?
Musa has killed the rat. = Has Ali killed the rat?

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE NEGATIVE:

Duk lokacin da muke so mu bayyana cewa bamu yi wani abu ba yanzu, yau kokuma kwanannan, to zamu gabatar ta wannan magana ne da PRESENT PERFECT TENSE NEGATIVE:

Ana saka HAVE NOT (HAVEN’T)/HAS NOT (HASN’T) bayan an saka SUBJECT, se kuma verb (amma fa lallai sedai ai amfani da PAST PARTICIPLE: broken, seen, told, kept, taken, eaten etc.

I, We, you, they and Ali and Ja’afar: suna tafiya da (HAVE NOT = HAVEN’T)

He, she, it and Ali: suna tafiya da (HAS NOT = HASN’T)

I have not seen him. Ban ganshi ba. (= Wannan yana nufin cewa ban ganshi ba yanzu, yau kokuma kwanannan)

She has not eaten food. Bata ci abinci ba. (= Wannan yana nufin cewa bata ci abinci ba yanzu kokuma yau)

(HAVE NOT kokuma HAVEN’T)
I have not seen her. = Ban ganta ba (= Wannan yana nufin ban ganta ba yanzu, yau kokuma kwanannan)

We have not eaten food. = Bamu ci abinci ba. (= Wannan yana nufin bamu ci abinci ba yanzu kokuma yau)

You have not told me. = Baka/ki/ku faɗa min ba. (yanzu, yau kokuma kwanannan)

They have not come now. = Basu zo ba yanzu.

Ali and Ja’afar have not played. = Ali da Ja’afar basuyi wasa ba. (yanzu, yau kokuma kwanannan)

(HAS NOT kokuma HASN’T)
He hasn’t gone. = Bai tafi ba. (yanzu, yau kokuma kwanannan)

She has not spoken to us. = Batai mana magana ba/batai magana da mu ba (yanzu, yau kokuma kwanannan)

It has not died. = Bai/bata mutu ba (yanzu) (abinda ba mutum ba).

Ali has not sent the message. = Ali bai tura saƙon ba. (yanzu, yau kokuma kwanannan)

THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE NEGATIVE QUESTION:

Duk lokacin da muke so mu yi tambaya cewa: Shin bamu yi wani abu ba yanzu, yau kokuma kwanannan?, to zamu gabatar ta wannan tambaya ne da PRESENT PERFECT TENSE NEGATIVE QUESTION:

Ana saka HAVE + SUBJECT + NOT (HAVEN’T + SUBJECT)/HAS + SUBJECT + NOT (HASN’T + SUBJECT), se kuma verb (amma fa lallai sedai ai amfani da PAST PARTICIPLE: broken, seen, told, kept, taken, eaten etc.

Karka manta da sanya alamar tambaya a ƙarshen jimlar ka (?)

I, We, you, they and Ali and Ja’afar suna tafiya da (HAVE + SUBJECT + NOT = HAVEN’T + SUBJECT)

He, she, it and Ali suna tafiya da (HAS + SUBJECT + NOT = HASN’T + SUBJECT)

(HAVE + SUBJECT + NOT = HAVEN’T + SUBJECT)

Have I not seen her? = Shin/Ban ganta bane? (= Wannan yana nufin shin ban ganta bane yanzu kokuma yau?)

Have we not eaten food? = Shin/Bamu ci abinci ba? (= Wannan yana nufin shin/bamu ci abinci ba yanzu kokuma yau?)

Haven’t you told me? = Shin/Baka/ki/ku faɗa min ba (kuwa)? (yanzu, yau kokuma kwanannan)

Have they not come now? = Shin/Basu zo ba yanzu?

Have Ali and Ja’afar not played? = Shin/Ali da Ja’afar basuyi wasa bane? (yanzu, yau kokuma kwanannan)

(HAS + SUBJECT + NOT = HASN’T + SUBJECT)

Hasn’t he gone? = Bai tafi ba ne? (yanzu, yau kokuma kwanannan)

Has she not spoken to us? = Shin/Batai mana magana bane? /Batai magana da mu ba? (yanzu, yau kokuma kwanannan)